外嚙合齒輪泵的組成:前、后泵蓋，泵體，一對(duì)齒數(shù)、模數(shù)、齒形完全相同的漸開(kāi)線外嚙合。
工作原理：
密封容積形成—齒輪、泵體內(nèi)表面、前后泵蓋圍成齒輪退出嚙合,容積↑吸油
容積變化↓壓油
吸壓油口隔開(kāi)—兩齒輪嚙合線及泵蓋外嚙合齒輪泵的流量計(jì)算
由于齒輪嚙合時(shí)，嚙合點(diǎn)的位置瞬時(shí)變化，其工作體積變化率不同，因此瞬時(shí)流量不均勻，即脈動(dòng)。在計(jì)算瞬時(shí)流量時(shí)，必須準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算積分，這很麻煩。近似計(jì)算法常用。
排量計(jì)算
假設(shè)：齒槽容積=輪齒體積
即相當(dāng)于有效齒高和齒寬所構(gòu)成的平面所掃過(guò)的環(huán)形體積，則V=πdhb=2πzm2b。
實(shí)際上，由于齒槽體積>輪齒體積，所以取出V=6.66zm2b流量計(jì)算
結(jié)論：
1齒輪泵的qt是齒輪幾何參數(shù)和轉(zhuǎn)速的函數(shù)
2∵轉(zhuǎn)速等于常數(shù)，流量等于常數(shù) ∴定量泵
3理論流量與出口壓力無(wú)關(guān)瞬時(shí)流量
由于每對(duì)輪齒嚙合時(shí)嚙合點(diǎn)位置的變化會(huì)導(dǎo)致瞬時(shí)流量變化，因此會(huì)出現(xiàn)流量脈動(dòng)
流動(dòng)脈動(dòng)結(jié)果：引起系統(tǒng)壓力脈動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)和噪聲，影響傳動(dòng)穩(wěn)定性。
外嚙合齒輪泵結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn)：
困油及其消除措施
徑向作用力不平衡
泄漏困油現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生原因：
由于為保證齒輪連續(xù)平穩(wěn)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，又能夠使吸壓油口隔開(kāi)，齒輪嚙合時(shí)的重合度必須大于1，所以有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩對(duì)輪齒同時(shí)嚙合的情況，故在齒向嚙合線間形成一個(gè)封閉容積
困油引起的結(jié)果：
a→b容積縮小p↑高壓油從一切可能泄漏的縫隙強(qiáng)行擠出，使軸和軸承受很大沖擊載荷，泵劇烈振動(dòng)，同時(shí)無(wú)功損耗增大，油液發(fā)熱。b→c容積增大p↓形成局部真空，產(chǎn)生氣穴，引起振動(dòng)、噪聲、汽蝕等
總之：由于困油現(xiàn)象，使泵工作性能不穩(wěn)定，產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)、噪聲等，直接影響泵的工作壽命。
消除困油的方法
原則：a→b密封容積減小，使之通壓油口，b→c密封容積增大，使之通吸油口，b密封容積最小，隔開(kāi)吸壓油方法：在泵蓋（或軸承座）上開(kāi)卸荷槽以消除困油，CB-B形泵將卸荷槽整個(gè)向吸油腔側(cè)平移一段距離，效果更好
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